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Wild Bactrian camel
The wild Bactrian camel (''Camelus ferus'') is called ''havtgai'' ("flat") in Mongolian. It is closely related to the domesticated Bactrian camel (''Camelus bactrianus''): they are both large, even-toed ungulates native to the steppes of central Asia, with double hump (small and pyramid-shaped). Experts describe it as a separate species from the domesticated Bactrian camel due to its distinct genetic makeup.〔See, for example: Hare (2008) and Potts (2004)〕 It is restricted in the wild to remote regions of the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts of Mongolia and Xinjiang. A few wild Bactrians still roam the Mangystau Province of southwest Kazakhstan and the Kashmir valley in India. Their habitat is in arid plains and hills where water sources are scarce and there is very little vegetation; shrubs are their food source.〔
== Differences between ''Camelus ferus'' and ''Camelus bactrianus'' ==
Until recently wild Bactrian camels were considered to have descended from domesticated Bactrian camels (''Camelus bactrianus'') which had escaped captivity or been returned to the wild. Most modern experts now consider wild Bactrian camels to be a separate species due to them having a 5% difference in the bases of their DNA from the domesticated Bactrian camel.〔
The wild Bactrian camel has been described as "relatively small, lithe, and slender-legged, with very narrow feet and a body that looks laterally compressed." "Zoological opinion nowadays tends to favour the idea that ''C. bactrianus'' and ''dromedarius'' are descendants of two different sub-species of ''C. ferus'' (Peters and von den Driesch 1997: 652) and there is no evidence to suggest that the original range of ''C. ferus'' included those parts of Central Asia and Iran where some of the earliest Bactrian remains have been found."
"The wool of ''C. ferus'' is "shorter and sparser than that of domestic animals" (Schaller 1998: 152) and its colour is always sandy (Bannikov 1976: 398). And most notably, ''C. ferus'' has "low, pointed, cone-shaped humps—usually about half the size of those of the domestic camel in fair condition” (Bannikov 1976: 398)."
Like its close relative, the domesticated Bactrian camel, it is one of the few mammals able to eat snow to provide itself with liquids in the winter.〔(Video showing wild Bactrian camels eating snow. )〕 It can also survive on water even saltier than seawater – which no other large mammal in the world, including the domestic Bactrian camel, can tolerate.
"The wild Bactrian camel differs from the domestic Bactrian in a number of ways – smaller, more conical humps, flatter skull (''havtagai'', the Mongolian name for a wild Bactrian camel, means 'flat-head'), a different shape of foot – but the outstanding difference is genetic."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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